FISHIOLOGY

Further studies in my research for the relation of carbon dioxide and peat swamp had lead me to more datas confirming this anomaly. Peat swamp or Black waters indeed are starved of oxygen and contains high level of Carbon Dioxide as I've suspected all this while. We take a look at the work of Dina Muthmainnah and Zulkifli Dahlan for the research paper of Biodiversity of lebak deling swamp in Pampangan Indonesia. http://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/JBES-Vol6No6-p324-333.pdf In their research they have tested the black waters from multiple points and the water parameter shown below is of similarity from those that which I did with simple testing, not as sophisticated as I lacked the equipment in doing so The important aspect here is that it confirms that Black waters are indeed low in oxygen and abnormally high in carbon dioxide (CO2). The PH is similar at 4.5PH average and TDS an average of 24PPM which I recorded an average of 25PPM at Terengganu swamp.

Lets take a look at the configuration of filter media. Over the years my preferred method is go sponge-less at the inflow. Many people who had seen my sump tank is not convinced it will work. but this has been done for more than 6 years. The reason I go sponge-less is because my inhabitant are most time monsters with very bad eating habits. Debris will be flying everywhere and if they are filtered at the sponge, they will rot there. So to over come this I let the debris go directly into my sump tank, in my sump tank I've a section for live fish and ghost shrimp. These will be my cleaner crew. At the end of the section I do keep a flat sponge to filtered out rubbish leaving the sump tank and food material caught there will be minimal. At the first compartment I've added K-1 since last year. How good is K-1? I'm running spongeless and my cleaning crew used to be all fatty. Since I've added K-1 they will crushed everything to bits and pieces and now I've to re

How to kick start your filtration system (Biological) Ok what do you do after you purchased all your branded filters and medias'? You set up, throw in a few guppies and you let it cycle. In short, you wait for "Bacteria" to move into thier new house. Some shop offers you to buy bacteria booster or bacteria starter. Are there another way around this? well yes infact its free, why spend the money when you can get the real thing for free and guaranteed to work? If you've another matured tank running, just take a  few pieces of the used media or sponge from your existing tank and put into your new filtration system. Tadaaaa.... you've just migrated a few millions bacteria and all the bacteria you need is there. If you dun have an existing tank around, you can get it from your friends (but do make sure the fish is healthy), as for me I get it from lfs, select a tank that you've checked that are disease free and take a piece of sponge, pack it in water with 02 (

Filtration system in our tank is the engine, this is my favorite part of the aquarium. I've spend the last 20 years toying with my filter system. I've had multiple setup with different types of media and configurations. I'll share what I've came out from all these years tinkering under neat the tank. First, allow me to introduce you what is a filter system. It means filter lol. Ok you've the most basic part just add a sponge which it'll do 2 things at once. Remove floating debris (mechanical filter) and later on when the bacteria matures it'll also act as a biological filter. Biological filter is the goal in your filtration, failed this and you failed everything. Please bear in mind this important fact. Beneficial bacteria - Nitrogen Cycle Understand that no matter how many thousands you pay for your filter system be it the latest Eheim or those fancy media like siporex, it all has only 1 job function that is a place for the bacteria to thri