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Black waters of South East Asia



Further studies in my research for the relation of carbon dioxide and peat swamp had lead me to more datas confirming this anomaly. Peat swamp or Black waters indeed are starved of oxygen and contains high level of Carbon Dioxide as I've suspected all this while.

We take a look at the work of Dina Muthmainnah and Zulkifli Dahlan for the research paper of Biodiversity of lebak deling swamp in Pampangan Indonesia.

http://www.innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/JBES-Vol6No6-p324-333.pdf

In their research they have tested the black waters from multiple points and the water parameter shown below is of similarity from those that which I did with simple testing, not as sophisticated as I lacked the equipment in doing so


The important aspect here is that it confirms that Black waters are indeed low in oxygen and abnormally high in carbon dioxide (CO2). The PH is similar at 4.5PH average and TDS an average of 24PPM which I recorded an average of 25PPM at Terengganu swamp.

 Testing for TDS at Terengganu
Testing for PH at Terengganu

A.I Payne mentioned in his studies (1986) The ecology of tropical lakes and rivers, that the genus Channadae has a unique tolerance in high carbon dioxide (CO2) and low oxygen (DO) water.


In another research by BAMBANG SULISTIYARTO, DEDI SOEDHARMA, MOHAMMAD FADJAR RAHARDJO, SUMARDJO for the research paper of Pengaruh Musim terhadap Komposisi Jenis dan Kemelimpahan Ikan di Rawa Lebak, Sungai Rungan, Palangkaraya, Kalimantan Tengah.

 https://biodiversitas.mipa.uns.ac.id/D/D0804/D080405.pdf 

 In their research, water sampling was again taken from multiple points and yet the conclusive evident of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide can be seen here again.


In their research they also mentioned that peat swamp fish has a unique hemoglobin pigment that has high affinity for oxygen and yet also possessed a low sensitivity to Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Evolution had allowed the privilege for these species to thrive in such harsh condition. That also explained why my Channa Marulioides did not die from the high CO2 injections that I've done on my experiment.




In yet another research of peat swamp in Malaysian by KIM IRVINE, STEPHEN VERMETTE & FIRUZA BEGHAM MUSTAFA in their research paper for The ‘Black Waters’ of Malaysia: Tracking Water Quality from the Peat Swamp Forest to the Sea.

http://www.ukm.my/jsm/pdf_files/SM-PDF-42-11-2013/01%20Kim%20Irvine.pdf

Unfortunately no Carbon Dioxide (CO2) was tested here but they did test for Oxygen (DO) and it is also of similar result.

So it is conclusive that Black water or Peat swamp water is low in Dissolve Oxygen and high in carbon Dioxide (CO2). There is no going back now that CO2 injection will be part of Channa Marulioides care if you are looking at the puristic adherence in growing flowers. 







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Comments

  1. UnknownApril 4, 2021 at 11:25 PM

    so now i gotta care for my maru like i care for my aquascpe plants huh?

    ReplyDelete

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