FISHIOLOGY

Recently I've suddenly received a lot of this same question regarding: can I put PSB and also BB together? or I've bought PSB do I still need BB? First of all you shouldn't be using PSB or BB product but given us asians we love maximizing our tank and tends to overload it. If you're lazy to read all the technical stuff just scroll down to conclusion ok now Lets break down everything and I'll explain them thoroughly. BB stands for beneficial bacteria, meaning any bacteria that are involved in the nitrogen cycle will be classified under beneficial bacteria. Nitrogen cycle Nitrification - Aerobic - Oxygen environment : Ammonium (NH4) convert to Nitrite (NO2) and finally nitrate (NO3). This is phase 1 of the nitrogen cycle done by the usual nitro bacteria. This will be the typical phase achievable by the common aquarium, the remaining NO3 will be removed by water change or by plant. Energy involved oxygen. Denitrification - Anaerobic - very low to zer

I was really curious of how nature solved the ammonium spike, I've tried my best to duplicate swamp water with the extreme low PH and had ran into a snag. Ammonium spike! So again I've asked my collector for help to test the Terengganu swamp water for NH, NO2 and NO3.                               Shallow Area         Deep Area Ammonium                 1mg/1                 0.5mg/l Nitrite                          0mg/l                     0mg/l Nitrate                         0mg/l                   10mg/l  Shallow Test Deep area NO3 Deep area NO2 Deep Area NH3/4 Now this is interesting, I was expecting plans and trees would have absorb all the ammonium knowing that bacteria could not have survived in such harsh conditions but the reading is there, Ammonium is present in natural swamp water. Perhaps its the amount of decaying plant matter under water and the stagnant water that causes the ammonium spike.